Optimum heating of boiler drums

In a paper, a method for determining time-optimum medium temperature changes is presented. The heating of the pressure elements will be conducted so that the circumferential stress caused by pressure and fluid temperature variations at the edge of the opening at the point of stress concentration, does not exceed the allowable value. In contrast to present standards, the stress distribution at two points at the edge of the hole is taken into consideration. Optimum fluid temperature changes are approximated by simple time functions.  The temperature of medium at the beginning of the heating process was varied steeply and then the temperature was increased with a constant rate.

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