AN APPROACH TO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES AS A REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT DRIVER IN POLAND

Geothermal energy has engaged researchers from various disciplines largely because it provides significant advantages over other renewable resources and has become one the most extensively used renewable resource worldwide. In addition to these technical parameters, geothermal resources are of an endogenous character i.e. their exploitation takes place where they are located. The aim of this article is to examine a possible scenario relating to the impact of geothermal resources on local development, based upon their primary energy-producing function. Geothermal energy exploited locally can positively influence the economic situation of a region in direct and indirect ways. Moreover, interest in this source of energy has been motivated by the desire to integrate sustainable development into national energy plans and the European Union’s ambition to enhance its significance in community energy balances. Thus local production and consumption of geothermal heat and water should be a principle of local energy security for municipalities or regions with appropriate geological conditions. However, in the existing literature, its local development impact has been marginalized and insufficiently discussed by practitioners. This article attempts to close this gap and to establish development indicators that measure local development associated with the use of geothermal resources. Notwithstanding the relatively marginal importance national authorities have given geothermal resources to date, Poland was chosen as the main object of the research reported on here because of its particularly high geothermal potential. Empirical analysis of selected Polish municipalities with ongoing exploitation of geothermal energy allows us to assess the contribution of geothermal resources to municipal-level development indicators. The theoretical conceptualization underpinning this analysis is provided by endogenous growth theory as well as reflections on the precise definition of local development.

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