WYSTĘPOWANIE FTALANÓW I SUBSTANCJI POWIERZCHNIOWO CZYNNYCH W ŚRODOWISKU

Praca zawiera przegląd literatury na temat występowania ftalanów i substancji powierzchniowo czynnych w różnych komponentach środowiska oraz możliwości usuwania ich ze ścieków. Są to grupy związków, których obecność w życiu jest nieunikniona ze względu na ich powszechne wykorzystanie. Analiza dostępnej
literatury wykazała, że wody powierzchniowe i osady denne zawierają wysokie stężenie ftalanów i surfaktantów pochodzących głównie ze ścieków przemysłowych i komunalnych. W konwencjonalnych procesach oczyszczania ścieków substancje te nie są w dostatecznym stopniu usuwane. W wielu przypadkach znaczna część tych związków jest wprowadzana do środowiska w niezmienionej formie albo w postaci bardziej toksycznych metabolitów. Dodatkowo wyniki badań opublikowane w literaturze są rozbieżne. Autorzy w swoich badaniach potwierdzili, że eliminacja tych związków jest zależna przede wszystkim od matrycy środowiskowej. Ponadto przedstawiono informacje na temat prowadzonych badań w zakresie zastosowania m.in. zawansowanych metod utleniania, np. takich procesów, jak UV/H2O2, O3/H2O2 i O3/AC, w celu usunięcia tych związków ze ścieków. Jednak stosowanie nowoczesnych technologii utleniania nie pozwala na uzyskanie jednoznacznych wyników, przy czym mogą one jednocześnie zwiększać możliwość tworzenia się pośrednich produktów degradacji, które często są bardziej toksyczne niż związki macierzyste. Zadowalające efekty eliminacji tych związków można uzyskać, stosując różne metody kombinowane, składające się z kilku procesów jednostkowych.

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